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... Reading Ariew R. , ‘Oratorians and the Teaching of Cartesian Philosophy in Seventeenth-Century France , History of Universities (2002), pp. 47–80 . Batterel L. , Mémoires domestiques pour servir à l’histoire de l’Oratoire ( Paris , 1904),...

... C. et al., Bibliothèque de la Companie de Jésus ( Brussels , 1891), vol. 2, pp. 29–30. Ariew R. , ‘Descartes and the Jesuits: Doubt, Novelty, and the Eucharist in M. Feingold (ed.), Rethinking Jesuit Science ( Cambridge, Mass ., 2002), pp. 157–94. Belgioioso G. , La Variata imagine di Descartes ( Lecce , 1999), pp. 63–76....

...Jacques Fournenc was born in Pézenas in 1609 and died in La Rochelle in 1665. He was Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm Frain du Tremblay, Jean Amsterdam received into the Oratory at Aix-en-Provence Aix-en-Provence in 1623. He taught the humanities...

...William Chalmers (or Camerarius) was originally from Aberdeen, Scotland. He became a Jesuit in 1617 and taught philosophy at Châlons-sur-Marne in 1625. He left the Jesuits by the end of 1626 and joined the Oratory in Usson Toulouse...

...Toulouse Jean Vincent was born in 1606 and died around 1673. He joined the Doctrinaires around 1625, taught philosophy and became rector of the college at Toulouse, then ultimately provincial of the province (1663–73). The Doctrinaires...

...Casimir de Toulouse was a Capuchin monk who was born around 1633 and died in 1674. He studied in Millau, where he apparently had a narrow escape from death in 1663 during a fight with Protestants. He became a lecturer in philosophy...

... Paris , 1780; 2nd edn, Paris, 1787). Paris Further Reading Ariew R. , ‘Oratorians and the Teaching of Cartesian Philosophy in Seventeenth-Century France History of Universities (2002), pp. 47–80. Girbal F. , Bernard Lamy (1640–1715) ( Paris , 1964), pp. 32–42, 156–76. Maillard J. , L’Oratoire à Angers aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles ( Paris , 1975)....

...Claude Gadroys was a Parisian, born in 1642, who studied scholastic philosophy and theology, but who became one of the earliest and most enthusiastic followers of René Descartes . He lived a short life, a consequence of his duties...

... Armour L. , ‘Le cartésianisme au Québec , Bulletin Cartésien XVI, Archives de Philosophie, vol. 51 (1988), pp. 1–12 . Ariew R. , Descartes and the Last Scholastics ( Ithaca, New York , 1999), chaps 7–9. Ariew R. , ‘Descartes...

...The duc de Luynes was born on 25 December 1620 in Paris and died there on 10 October 1690. He came from a noble family, whose origins date back to twelfth century Italy. He was the son of Charles d’Albert de Luynes (1578–1621), who was made...