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Modern Women Philosophers

DOI: 11.5040/modern-women-philosophers

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The entries below cover women in Britain, North America, France and Germany between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. They are figures who have contributed to the history and development of modern philosophy.

These entries are your springboard for understanding the role American and European women have played in shaping intellectual thought over the centuries.

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# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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A (20)

Abbott, Edith (1876–1957)

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Katharine Norley

Acton, Frances (née Knight) (1793–1881)

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Susan M. Rensing

Adam, Adela Marion (née Kensington: 1866–1944)

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Robert B. Todd

Adams, Abigail Smith (1744–1818)

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Rosemarie Zagarri

Adams, Hannah (1755–1831)

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Angela McWilliams Goodson

Adams, Marilyn McCord (1943–2017)

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John R. Shook

Alexander, Sadie Tanner Mossell (1898–1989)

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Katharine Norley

Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett (1836–1917)

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Helen J. Blackman

Anning, Mary (1799–1847)

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Cynthia V. Burek

Anscombe, Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret (1919–2001)

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Cora Diamond

Anstey, Vera (1889–1976)

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Robert W. Dimand and Marie-Thérèse Maxwell Awadalla

Anthony, Susan Brownell (1820 – 1906)

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Barbara Ryan

Arendt, Hannah (1906–75)

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Jean Van Delinder

Armitt, Annie Maria (1850–1933)

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Eileen Jay

Armitt, Mary Louisa (1851–1911)

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Eileen Jay

Armitt, Sophia (1847–1908)

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Eileen Jay

Arnauld, Jeanne-Catherine-Agnès (or Mère Agnès de Saint-Paul) (1593–1671)

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Jean Lesaulnier

Astell, Mary (1668-1731)

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Sarah Hutton

Atkins, Anna (née Children: 1799–1871)

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Larry J. Schaaf

Ayrton, Hertha (née Marks: 1854–1923)

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Hannah Gay

B (48)

Baier, Annette Claire (1929–2012)

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Jocelyn Hoy

Balch, Emily Greene (1867–1961)

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Judy D. Whipps

Baldinger, Dorothea Friderika (1739–86)

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Mikiko Tanaka

Balfour, Alice Blanche (1850–1936)

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Donald L. Opitz

Ball, Mary (1812–1898)

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Robert Nash

Bandemer, Susanne von (1751–1828)

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Markus Bauer

Barber, Mary Elizabeth (née Bowker: 1818–99)

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Alan Cohen

Barnard, Anne (née Henslow: 1833–99)

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Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie

Barnes, Hazel Estella (1915–2008)

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Martin Woessner

Becker, Lydia Ernestine (1827–90)

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Susan David Bernstein

Beecher, Catharine Esther (1800–1878)

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Mary Ellen Waithe

Beever, Mary (1802–83)

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Catharine M.C. Haines

Bell, Carolyn Shaw (1920–2006)

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Robin L. Bartlett

Benedict, Ruth Fulton (1887–1948)

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Dorothy Rogers

Benett, Etheldred Anna Maria (1776–1845)

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Cynthia V. Burek

Benhabib, Seyla (1950–)

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John R. Shook

Benson, Margaret Jane (1859–1936)

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Mary R.S. Creese

Benton, Sylvia (1887–1985)

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Louise Zarmati

Berenson, Frances Maria (1929–)

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Kathryn L. Plant

Besant, Annie (née Wood: 1847–1933)

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William Sweet

Bidder, Marion (née Greenwood: 1862–1932)

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Marsha L. Richmond

Bird, Isabella Lucy (1831–1904)

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Avril M.C. Maddrell

Blackburn, Jemima (née Wedderburn: 1823–1909)

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Rob Fairley

Blackwell, Antoinette Louisa Brown (1825–1921)

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Cicily Corbett

Blackwell, Elizabeth (1821–1910)

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Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie

Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna (1831–91)

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Kenneth Paul Johnson

Blow, Susan Elizabeth (1843–1916)

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Dorothy Rogers

Bodington, Alice (née Brooke: 1840–97)

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Mary R.S. Creese

Bonnin, Gertrude Simmons (1876–1938)

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Dorothy Rogers

Boole, Mary Everest (1832–1916)

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Karen Dee Michalowicz

Brackett, Anna Callender (1836–1911)

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Dorothy Rogers

Bradstreet, Anne (c.1612–1672)

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Therese B. Dykeman

Bradwell, Myra Colby (1831–94)

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Robin J. Effron

Brady, Dorothy Stahl (1903–77)

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Katharine Norley

Bray, Caroline (née Hennell: 1814–1905)

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Stephanie Forward

Breckinridge, Sophonisba Preston (1866–1948)

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Catherine L. Coghlan

Brightwen, Eliza (née Elder: 1830–1906)

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Mary R.S. Creese

Brodbeck, May Selznick (1917–83)

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Laird Addis

Brown, Elizabeth (1830–99)

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Richard Baum

Browning, Elizabeth Barrett (née Barrett: 1806–61)

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Stephanie Forward

Bryan, Margaret (fl. 1790s–1810s)

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Mary R.S. Creese

Bryant, Sophie (née Willock: 1850–1922)

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Luke Gibbons

Buckland, Mary (née Morland: 1797–1857)

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M. Kölbl-Ebert

Buckley, Arabella Burton (1840–1929)

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Barbara T. Gates

Burns, Eveline Mabel Richardson (1900–85)

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David Ashbury

Bury, Priscilla Susan (née Falkner: 1799–1872)

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David J. Mabberley

Bussey, Gertrude Carman (1888–1961)

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John R. Shook

Butler, Elizabeth Beardsley (1884–1911)

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Katharine Norley

C (34)

Cabot, Ella Lyman (1866–1934)

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Therese Boos Dykeman

Caird, Mona (née Alison: 1854–1932)

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Stephanie Forward

Calkins, Mary Whiton (1863–1930)

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Dana Noelle McDonald

Carson, Rachel Louise (1907–64)

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Charles Frederick Frantz

Carter, Elizabeth (1717–1806)

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Alice Browne

Cartwright, Nancy Lynn Delaney (1944–)

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David Boersema

Carus-Wilson, Eleanora Mary (1897–1977)

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John Hatcher

Cary, Mary Ann Shadd (1823–1893)

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Shamina Sneed

Case, Janet Elizabeth (1863–1937)

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K. Perry

Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle (1623–73)

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Sarah Hutton

Chapman, Agatha Louisa (1907–63)

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Paul Aitken

Chatterton, Henrietta Georgiana Marcia (née Iremonger: 1806–76)

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M. Eleanor Irwin

Cheney, Ednah Dow Littlehale (1824–1904)

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Therese B. Dykeman

Child, Lydia Maria Francis (1802–1880)

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Terrance MacMullan

Churchland, Patricia Smith (1943–)

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John R. Shook

Cixous, Hélène (1937–)

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Catherine Witt

Clarke, Louisa (née Lane: 1812–83)

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Piers J. Hale

Clerke, Agnes Mary (1842–1907)

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Mary T. Brück

Clerke, Ellen Mary (1840–1906)

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Mary T. Brück

Cobbe, Frances Power (1822–1904)

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Deirdre Raftery

Cockburn, Catharine (1679?–1749)

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Victor L. Nuovo

Cogswell, Mason Fitch (1761–1830)

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James Morgart

Cohen, Ruth Louisa (1906–91)

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Robert W. Dimand and Marie-Thérèse Maxwell Awadalla

Cohen, Selma Jeanne (1920–2005)

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Barbara Sandrisser

Cole, Margaret Isabel (1893–1980)

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Matthias Klaes

Collet, Clara Elizabeth (1860–1948)

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Robert W. Dimand

Collinson, Diané June (1930–)

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Stephen Watt

Coman, Katharine (1857–1915)

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Katharine Norley

Conway, Anne (née Finch: 1631–79)

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Sarah Hutton

Coolidge, Mary Lowell (1891–1958)

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Megan Laverty

Cooper, Anna Julia Haywood (1858–1964)

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Dorothy Rogers

Cornwallis, Caroline Frances (1786–1858)

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Philip de Bary

Crocker, Hannah Mather (1752–1829)

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Eileen Botting

Crosfield, Margaret Chorley (1859–1952)

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Mary R.S. Creese

D (12)

Dacier, Anne (1651–1720)

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Alain Petit

Dale, Amy Marjorie (1901–67)

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L.P.E. Parker

Dall, Caroline Wells Healey (1822–1912)

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Dorothy Rogers

Davis, Katharine Bement (1860–1935)

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Katharine Norley

De Laguna, Grace Mead Andrus (1878–1978)

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Gary S. Calore

Des Houlières, Antoinette (1638–94)

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Gilles Behnam

Diamond, Cora Ann (1937– )

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Catherine Villanueva Gardner

Drake, Sarah Anne (1803–57)

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Robert M. Hamilton and Lawrence Duttson

Dulles, Eleanor Lansing (1895–1996)

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Lynne Kathleen Dunne

Duncan, Isabelle Wight (née Clark) (1812–78)

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Stephen D. Snobelen

Duncan, Isadora (1878–1927)

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Jennifer Tsukayama

Dworkin, Andrea (1946–2005)

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Brian E. Butler

E (13)

Eddy, Mary Baker (1821–1910)

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Mary Farrell Bednarowski

Edgell, Beatrice (1871–1948)

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Elizabeth R. Valentine

Edgeworth, Maria (1767–1849)

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Stephanie Forward

Eisele, Carolyn (1902–2000)

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Joseph W. Dauben

Eliot, George (née Mary Ann Evans: 1819–80)

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Henry Alley

Elizabeth I (1533–1603)

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M. Eleanor Irwin

Elles, Gertrude Lilian (1872–1960)

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Mary R.S. Creese

Elshtain, Jean Bethke (1941–2013)

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Brian E. Butler

Emerson, Mary Moody (1774–1863)

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Lou Tenzis

Emmet, Dorothy Mary (1904–2000)

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Leemon McHenry

Erxleben, Dorothea Christiane (1715–62)

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Pauline Kleingeld

Everett, Alice (1865–1949)

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Trudy E. Bell

Ezorsky, Gertrude (1926– )

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James O. Castagnera

F (12)

Farquharson, Marian Sarah (née Ridley: 1846–1912)

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Margot L. Iverson

Fawcett, Millicent Garrett (1847–1929)

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David Gladstone

Ferber, Marianne Abeles (1923– )

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Julie A. Nelson

Fergusson, Elizabeth Graeme (1737–1801)

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Dorothy Rogers

Fielding, Sarah (or Sally: 1710–68)

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M. Eleanor Irwin

Flower, Elizabeth Farquhar (1914–95)

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Angela L. Cotten

Follett, Mary Parker (1868–1933)

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Evelyn Burg

Foltz, Clara Shortridge (1849–1934)

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Dorothy Rogers

Foot, Philippa Ruth (1920–2010)

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Jocelyn Hoy

Foster, Abby Kelley (1811–1887)

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Alexandra Perry

Fraser, Nancy (1947–)

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John R. Shook

Fuller, Margaret (1810–1850)

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Russell Pryba

G (26)

Gallitzin, Amalia Fürstin (1748–1806)

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Birgit Ehlbeck

Gatty, Margaret (née Scott: 1809–73)

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Alan Rauch

Gepp, Ethel Sarel (née Barton: 1864–1922)

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Catharine M.C. Haines

Giberne, Agnes (1845–1939)

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Bernard Lightman

Gifford, Isabella (1823?–91)

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Joanne A. Charbonneau

Gilbert, Katharine Everett (1886–1952)

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Melanie McQuitty

Gilbreth, Lillian Evelyn Moller (1878–1972)

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Morgen Witzel

Gilligan, Carol Friedman (1936– )

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John William Bates

Goldman, Emma (1869–1940)

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Wesley Roberts

Goldsmith, Selma Evelyn Fine (1912–62)

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Paul Aitken

Gordon, Margaret (1910–94)

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Paul Aitken

Gordon, Maria Matilda (née Ogilvie: 1864–1939)

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Cynthia V. Burek

Gore-Booth, Eva (1870–1926)

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Mary Condren and Deirdre Clancy

Gottsched, Luise Adelgunde Viktorie (1713–62)

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Nancy Kaiser

Gould, Elizabeth (née Coxen: 1804–41)

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Jonathan Smith

Gournay, Marie de (also known as Marie Le Jars de Gournay) (1565–1645)

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Philippe Desan

Graham, Maria (née Dundas: 1785–1842)

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Dennis R. Dean

Graham, Martha (1894–1991)

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Ananya Chatterjea

Gray, Elizabeth (née Anderson: 1831–1924)

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Mary R.S. Creese

Gray, Maria Emma (née Smith: 1787–1876)

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Catharine M.C. Haines

Greenwell, Dora (1821–82)

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Stephanie Forward

Grene, Marjorie Glicksman (1910–2009)

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Martin Woessner

Griffiths, Amelia Warren (née Rogers: 1768–1858)

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Catharine M.C. Haines

Grimké, Sarah Moore (1792–1873)

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Dorothy Rogers

Gulliver, Julia Henrietta (1856–1940)

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Dorothy Rogers

Guyon, Jeanne-Marie (1648–1717)

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Michel Terestchenko

H (27)

Haddon, Caroline (fl. 1884)

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Stephanie Forward

Haldane, Elizabeth Sanderson (1862–1937)

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Enrique Chávez-Arvizo

Hale, Sarah Josepha Buell (1788–1879)

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Dorothy Rogers

Hamilton, Elizabeth (1758–1816)

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Sylvana Tomaselli

Hammond, Lucy Barbara (1873–1961)

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Gerard M. Koot

Haring, Ellen Stone (1921–2014)

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Rebecca Bensen Cain

Harkness, Georgia Elma (1891–1974)

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Rosemary Skinner Keller

Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins (1825–1911)

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Chielozona Eze

Harris, Marjorie Silliman (1890–1976)

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Gary S. Calore

Harrison, Jane Ellen (1850–1928)

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Annabel Robinson

Hasluck, Margaret Masson (née Hardie: 1885–1948)

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David Shankland

Hein, Hilde Stern (1932– )

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Larry Shiner

Held, Virginia Potter (1929– )

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Karen Kovach

Herschel, Caroline Lucrezia (1750–1848)

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Allan Chapman

Herz, Henriette (1764–1847)

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Waldemar Fromm

Hesse, Mary Brenda (1924–2016)

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Margareta Hallberg

Hewes, Amy (1877–1970)

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Paul Aitken

Hicks, Ursula Kathleen (1896–1985)

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Omar F. Hamouda

Hintikka, Merrill Bristow (1939–87)

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Jaakko Hintikka

Holst, Amalia (1758–1829)

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Mikiko Tanaka

Hooker, Frances Harriet (née Henslow) (1825–74)

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Richard Donald Bellon

Howe, Julia Ward (1819–1910)

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Therese Boos Dykeman

Huggins, Margaret Lindsay (née Murray: 1848–1915)

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Barbara J. Becker

Hungerland, Isabel Payson Creed (1907–87)

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Melanie McQuitty

Hutchins, Ellen (1785–1815)

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Christine Linfield

Hutchinson, Lucy (née Apsley: 1620–81)

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M. Eleanor Irwin

Hutton, Caroline Amy (1861–1931)

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Stephen L. Dyson

J (5)

Jeffery, Lilian Hamilton (1915–86)

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David Gill

Jex-Blake, Katharine (1860–1951)

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Annabel Robinson

Jex-Blake, Sophia (1840–1912)

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Michèle Stokes

Johnson, Alice (1860–1940)

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Helen J. Blackman

Jones, Alice Hanson (1904–85)

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Ross B. Emmett

K (13)

Kane, Katherine Sophia (née Bailey) (1811–86)

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Catharine M.C. Haines

Karp, Carol Ruth Vander Velde (1926–72)

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Judy Green

Keller, Evelyn Fox (1936–)

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Phillip Honenberger

Kellogg, Laura Miriam Cornelius (1880–c.1949)

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Anne Waters

Kies, Marietta (1853–99)

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Dorothy Rogers

Kingsford, Anna (1846–1888)

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James Gregory

Kingsley, Mary Henrietta (1862–1900)

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Alison Blunt

Kirby, Elizabeth (1823–73)

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Catharine M.C. Haines

Kneale, Martha (née Hurst: 1909–2001)

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Enrique Chávez-Arvizo

Knight, Sarah Kemble (1666–1727)

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Laura M. Stevens

Knowles, Lilian Charlotte Anne (1870–1926)

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Alan Ebenstein

Koch, Adrienne (1912–71)

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Sarah K. Donovan

Kyrk, Hazel (1886–1957)

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Susan van Velzen

L (20)

Ladd-Franklin, Christine (1847–1930)

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Elizabeth Scarborough

Lamb, Dorothy (also Brooke and Nicholson: 1887–1967)

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David Gill

Lamb, Winifred (1894–1963)

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David Gill

Langer, Susanne Katherina Knauth (1895–1985)

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Roger A. Shiner

Lankester, Phebe (née Pope) (1825–1900)

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Ann B. Shteir

Lavine, Thelma Zeno (1915–2011)

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Beth J. Singer

Lazarus, Emma (1849–87)

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Dorothy Rogers

Lazerowitz, Alice Loman Ambrose (1906–2001)

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David E. Schrader

Lead, Jane (née Ward: 1623–1704)

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B.J. Gibbons

Lemon, Margaretta Louisa (née Smith) (1860–1953)

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Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie

Levy, Amy (1861–89)

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Lorna Hardwick

Linton, Eliza Lynn (1822–1898)

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Evelleen Richards

Lockwood, Belva Ann Bennett (1830–1917)

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Dorothy Rogers

Longstaff, Mary Jane (née Donald) (1856–1935)

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H.K. Valier

Lorimer, Elizabeth Hilda Lockhart (1873–1954)

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Diane Fortenberry

Loudon, Jane (née Webb) (1807–1858)

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Christine Linfield

Lovelace, Augusta Ada (née Byron) (1815–52)

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Lowe, Elias Avery (or Loew: 1879–1969)

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Virginia Brown

Lumley, Joanna (née Fitzalan: c. 1535–77)

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Dakota L. Hamilton

Luxemburg, Rosa (1871–1919)

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Peter Lamb

M (36)

Macaulay, Catherine (1731–91)

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Martin Fitzpatrick

Macdonald, Margaret (1907–56)

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Mark Addis

Mackenzie, Hester Millicent (née Hughes: 1863–1942)

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W.J. Mander

Makin, Bathsua (née Reginald: 1600–c. 1676)

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Frances N. Teague

Makower, Helen (1910–1998)

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Matthius Klaes

Mancini, Hortense (1649–99)

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Anne Frostin

Mannin, Ethel (1900–1984)

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Thomas Duddy

Marcet, Jane (née Haldimand) (1769–1858)

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John Issitt

Marcus, Ruth Charlotte Barcan (1921–2012)

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Don Garrett

Marshall, Mary Paley (1850–1944)

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Robert W. Dimand

Martineau, Harriet (1802–76)

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Susan Hoecker-Drysdale

Masham, Damaris (1658–1708)

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James G. Buickerood

Masterman, Margaret (1910–86)

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Mark Addis

Maund, Constance Alice Macartney (1912–99)

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Philip Rose

Maunder, Annie Scott Dill (1868–1947)

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Richard Baum

Maxwell, Katherine Clerk (née Dewar) (1824–90)

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Elizabeth Green Musselman

McKelvey, Jean Carol Trepp (1908–98)

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