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Islamic Philosophers

DOI: 11.5040/islamic-philosophers

The entries below cover the major and many minor philosophers, theologians, and mystics who contributed to the development of philosophy in the Islamic world. They cover 1400 years of Islamic philosophical tradition, with entries ranging from the early years of the faith to the modern period and every major school of thought, from classical Peripatetic philosophy to Sufi mysticism.

These entries are your springboard for understanding the role Islamic philosophers have played in shaping intellectual thought over the centuries.

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# (7)

Çelebi, Katib Mustafa ibn ‘Abdullah (1017–67/1609–57)

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S. Leyla Gürkan

Ülken, Hilmi Ziya (1901–74)

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Muhsin Akbaş

‘Abd Al-Jabbar, Qadi (c. 325–415/c. 937–1025)

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Muammer İskenderoğlu

‘Abdu, Muhammad (1849–1905)

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Oliver Leaman

‘Ali Ibn Abi Talib (d. 40/660)

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Oliver Leaman

‘Assar, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim (1302–96/1884–1975)

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Oliver Leaman

‘Attar (c. 1117–1231)

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Mehdi Aminrazavi

A (119)

Abu Hanifa, Numan b. Sabit (80–150/699–767)

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Muharrem Kılıç

Abu Ja‘Far Al-Ahwal, Muhammad b. al-Nu‘man (d. after 183/799)

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M. Ali Buyukkara

Adivar, Abdülhak Adnan (1882–1955)

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Afdal Al-Din (d. 610/1213)

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Oliver Leaman

Afghani, Seyyed Jamaluddin (1838–96)

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Oliver Leaman

Akhund Mulla Fath ‘Ali Sultan Abadi (1235 or 1240–1318/1819 or 1824–1901)

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Ibrahim Kalin

Aki̇f Ersoy, Mehmet (1873–1936)

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Ibrahim Kalin

Akşemseddin, Mehmed Şemseddin ibn Hamza (792–863/1390–1459)

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S. Leyla Gürkan

Al-Ahsa’i (c. 837–after 904/1433–after 1499)

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Oliver Leaman

Al-Aksarayi̇, Cemeleddin Muhammad (d. 791/1388)

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Ibrahim Kalin

Al-Amidi, Sayf ad-Din (d. 621/1233)

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Al-Amuli, Sayyid Haydar (719–787/1319–1385)

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Brian Thomas

Al-Asamm (d. 200–1/816–17)

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Maha El-Kaisy

Al-Ashkiwari, Aqa Mirza Hashim (d. 1332 or 1333/1914 or 1915)

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Ibrahim Kalin

Al-Ash‘ari, Abu’l Hasan (260–324/873–935)

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Muammer İskenderoğlu

Al-Baghdadi, Abu Mansur ‘Abd al-Qahir b. Tahir (d. 429/1037–8)

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I.H. İnal

Al-Baghdadi, ‘Abd al-Latif (557–629/1162–1231)

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Oliver Leaman

Al-Balkhi, Abu al-Qasim (al-Ka‘bi) (d. 319/931)

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Oliver Leaman

Al-Balkhi, Abu Zayd (c. 235–322/849–934)

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Al-Banjari, Muhammad Arshad (1122–1233/1710–1818)

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Zaid Ahmad

Al-Banna’, Hasan (1906–49)

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Patrick S. O’Donnell

Al-Basri, Abu’l Husayn (d. 436/1044)

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Muammer İskenderoğlu

Al-Biruni, Abu Raihan Muhammad (362–440 or 453/973–1048 or 1061)

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S. Leyla Gürkan

Al-Bistami, Abu Yazid (161–234/777–848)

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Rifat Atay

Al-Dabbagh (d. 696/1296)

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Al-Dashtaki, Sadr al-Din (d. 903/1497–8)

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Al-Dawwani, Jalal al-Din Muhammad ibn As‘ad (830–908/1426–1502)

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Al-E Ahmad, Jalal (1923–69)

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Al-Falimbani, ‘Abdul Samad (c. 1116–1254/c. 1704–1838)

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Zaid Ahmad

Al-Farabi, Abu Nasr (c. 258–c. 339/c. 871–c. 950)

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Sevket Yavuz

Al-Farghani, Sa‘id al-Din (seventh/thirteenth century)

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Oliver Leaman

Al-Farisi, Kamal al-Din (c. 658–c. 720/1260–c. 1320)

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Nader El-Bizri

Al-Fatani, Dawud (c. 1183–1263/c. 1770–1847)

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Al-Firuzabadi, Muhammad b. Yaqub (729–817/1328–1414)

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Bilal Gökkır

Al-Fuwati, Hisham ibn ‘Amr (third/ninth century)

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Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid (451–504/1058–1111)

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Al-Hallaj, Abu al-Mughith al-Husayn (244–309/857–922)

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Maha El-Kaisy

Al-Hamadhani, ‘Ayn al-Qudat (492–525/1098–1131)

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Al-Harawi, ‘Abdullah Ansari (396–481/1006–89)

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Al-Helmy, Burhanuddin (1329–89/1911–69)

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Al-Hilli, ‘Allama (648–726/1250–1325)

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Al-Hindi, Rahmat Allah (d. 1306/1888)

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Ibrahim Sumer

Al-Hudhayl, Abu’l Hudhayl al-‘Allaf (c.135–235/c.752–850)

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Muammar İskenderoğlu

Al-Idrisi (493–c.555/1099–c.1162)

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Al-Iji, ‘Adud al-Din (c.700–756/c.1300–55)

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Al-Isfahani, Abu Nu‘aym (d. 430/1038)

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Yusuf Ziya Keskin

Al-Isfahani, al-Raghib (d. 502/1108)

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Harun Sahin

Al-Jahiz (d. 255/868)

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Al-Jawaliqi, Hisham b. Salim (d. after 183/799)

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M. Ali Buyukkara

Al-Jilani, ‘Abd al-Qadir (470–562/1077–1166)

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Al-Jili, ‘Abd al-Karim (c. 1366–1408 or 1417)

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Ibrahim Kalin

Al-Junayd, Abu al-Qasim (215–296 to 298/827–908 to 910)

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Maha El-Kaisy

Al-Jurjani, ‘Abd al-Qahir (d. 471/1078 or 474/1081)

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Al-Kashani, Afdal al-Din (c. 1006–90/1598–1679)

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Al-Kayseri, Dawud (658–751/1260–1350)

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Adnan Aslan

Al-Kharakani, Abu’l-Hasan (d. 425–1033)

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Al-Kho’i, Ayatullah al-Uzma Sayyid Abul-Qasim (1317–1413/1899–1992)

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Al-Khwarizmi, Abu Ja‘far Muhammad ibn Musa (early third century/c. 780–850)

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Al-Kindi, Abu Yusuf Ya‘qub ibn Ishaq (185–252/801–66)

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Maha El-Kaisy

Al-Kubra, Abu’l Jannab Ahmad ibn ‘Umar Najm al-Din (540–617/1145–1220)

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Al-Lawkari, Fadl b. Muhammad (d. 517/1123–4)

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Ibrahim Kalin

Al-Malati, Abu ’l-Husayn (d. 337/987)

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Ibrahim Hakki Inal

Al-Maqassari, Muhammad Yusuf (1036–1110/1626–99)

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Zailan Moris

Al-Marwazi, al-Husayn ibn ‘Ali (d. after 306/918)

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Al-Mas‘udi, Abu al-Hasan (c.283–345/896–956)

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Al-Mawardi, Abu’l Hasan (364–450/974–1058)

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Muammer İskenderoğlu

Al-Mawdudi, Sayyid Abul A’la (1903–79)

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Oliver Leaman

Al-Mawsili (c. third–fourth centuries/tenth century)

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Al-Ma‘Arri, Abu’l ‘Ala’ (363–449/973–1058)

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Muhsin Akbaş

Al-Mubarrad, Abu’l ‘Abbas (d. c. 286/900)

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Al-Mubashshir (fifth/eleventh century)

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Al-Muhasibi, Abu ‘Abdillah al-Harith (c. 165–243/c. 781–857)

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Maha El-Kaisy

Al-Mu’ayyad Fi’l-Din Shirazi (c. 390–470/999–1077)

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Mehdi Aminrazavi

Al-Nabulusi, ‘Abd al-Ghani (1050–1143/1641–1731)

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Oliver Leaman

Al-Nadim, Abu’l Faraj (c. fourth/tenth century)

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Al-Najjar, al-Husayn b. Muhammad (d. 220/835)

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Ibrahim Hakki Inal

Al-Naysaburi, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim (fl. early fifth/eleventh centuries)

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Arzina R. Lalani

Al-Nazzam (c. 145 to 150–230/c. 760 to 765–845)

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Maha El-Kaisy

Al-Nisaburi, al-Fadl ibn Shadhan (d. 260/874)

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M. Ali Buyukkara

Al-Nu‘man, Al-Qadi (d. 363/974)

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Al-Quhistani, Hakim Nizari (645–721/1247–1321)

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Al-Qushayri, Abu’l-Qasim ‘Abdulkarim ibn Hawazin (376–465/986–1072)

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Bilal Kuşpınar

Al-Raniri, Nur al-Din (d. 1068/1658)

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Zailan Moris

Al-Razi, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya’ (c. 250–313 or 323/c. 854–925 or 935)

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Oliver Leaman

Al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (543–606/1149–1209)

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Al-Rumi, Jalal al-Din (604–72/1207–73)

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Rifat Atay

Al-Sabzawari, Al-Hajj Mulla Hadi (1212–89/1797–1873)

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Al-Sarakhsi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (400–83/1009–90)

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Muharrem Kılıç

Al-Shadhili, Abu’l Hasan (c. 583–656/c. 1187–1258)

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Oliver Leaman

Al-Shafi‘i, Muhammed ibn Idris (150–204/767–819)

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Muharrem Kılıç

Al-Shahrastani, Abu’l Fath (c. 479–548/c. 1087–1153)

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Muammar İskenderoğlu

Al-Sha‘Arani, ‘Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ahmad (c. 898–973/c. 1493–1565)

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Oliver Leaman

Al-Shirazi, Qutb al-Din (634–710/1236–1311)

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Al-Sijistani, Abu Sulayman (c. 320–91/c. 932–1000)

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Ibrahim Kalin

Al-Singkili, ‘Abd al-Ra’uf (c.1024–1105/1615–93)

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Zailan Moris

Al-Sirafi (279 or 289–368/892 or 902–79)

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Bilal Gökkır

Al-Suhrawardi, Abu Hafs (539–632/1145–1234)

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Oliver Leaman

Al-Suhrawardi, Abu’l Najib (c. 490–563/c. 1097–1168)

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Oliver Leaman

Al-Suhrawardi, Shihab al-Din (549–87/1154–91)

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Oliver Leaman

Al-Sulami, Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman (325–412/937–1021)

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Patrick S. O’Donnell

Al-Suyuti (849–911/1445–1505)

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Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (c.224–314/c.839–923)

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Al-Taftazani, Sa‘d al-Din (722–93/1322–90)

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Muammar İskenderoğlu

Al-Tahawi, Abu Ja‘far (239–321/853–933)

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Muammar İskenderoğlu

Al-Tahtawi, Rifa‘a Rafi‘ (1801–73)

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Al-Tawhidi, Abu Hayyan (c. 315–414/c. 927–1023)

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Muhsin Akbaş

Al-‘Amili, Baha’ al-Din (953–1030/1547–1621)

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Ibrahim Kalin

Al-‘Amiri, Abu’l Hasan Muhammad ibn Yusuf (d. 381/992)

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Al-‘Aqqad, ‘Abbas Mahmoud (1889–1964)

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Al-‘Askari, Abu Hilal al-Hasan (d. late 4th century/early eleventh century)

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Amin, Ahmad (1886–1954)

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Ankaravi̇, Isma‘il b. Ahmad Rusuhiddin (d. 1041/1631)

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Ansari, Murtada bin Muhammad Amin (1214–81/1799–1864)

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Arkoun Mohammed (1928–2010)

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Ashtiyani, Mirza Mahdi (1306–72/1888–1952)

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As’ad Afandi of Yanya (d. 1143/1730)

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Adnan Aslan

Athir Al-Din Mufaddal Ibn ‘Umar Al-Abhari (c. 597–663/1200–64)

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Atif Efendi, Iskilipli (1876–1926)

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Azraf, Dewan Muhammad (1906–99)

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M. Golam Dastagir

B (10)

Babanzade, Ahmed Naim (1289–1353/1872–1934)

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Adnan Aslan

Badakhshani, Sayyid Suhrab Wali (d. after 856/1452)

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Badawi, ‘Abd al-Rahman (1917–2002)

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Bahmanyar, Abu’l-Hasan (d. 468/1067)

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Bedreddin, Şeyh (1358–1416/759–819)

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Birgivi, Takiyuddin Mehmet (928–81/1522–73)

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Bishr Ibn Al-Mu‘Tamir, Abu Sahl (d. 210/825)

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Maha El-Kaisy

Bosnevi, Abdullah (992–1054)/1584–1644)

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Adnan Aslan

Bostanzade Yahya Efendi (d. 1049/1639)

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Bursevi, İsmail Hakkı (1063–1137/1653–1725)

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C (1)

Cevdet, Abdullah (1869–1932)

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Ibrahim Kalin

E (4)

Ebussuud Efendi, Mehmed (896–982/1490–1574)

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Ibrahim Kalin

Enayetpuri, Khwaja (1886–1951)

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Ertuğrul, İsmail Fenni (1855–1946)

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Esat Efendi, Yanyalı (d. 1722 or 1730)

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G (6)

Gaspirali, Ismail (1851–1914)

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Gelenbevi, İsmail (1143–1205/1730–91)

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Guénon, René (1886–1951)

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Gökalp, Ziya (1876–1924)

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Gölpınarlı, Abdulbaki (1317–1402/1900–82)

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Adnan Aslan

Günaltay, M. Şemseddin (1883–1961)

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H (13)

Hacı Paşa (c. 740–827/c. 1339–1424)

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Adnan Aslan

Hamadani, Mulla Husayn-qali (c. 1268–1332 or 1337/c. 1850–1915 or 1920)

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Ibrahim Kalin

Hamka (1326–1401/1908–81)

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Zaid Ahmad

Harputi ‘Abdullatif (1258–1334/1842–1916)

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Mustafa Sinanoğlu

Hayreddin Paşa of Tunis (1820 or 1825–89)

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Hayrullah Efendi (1820–66)

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Ha’Iri-Yazdi, Mehdi (1923–99)

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Hidaji, Akhund Mulla Muhammad (1270–1314/1853–97)

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Hisham B. Al-Hakam, Abu Muhammad (d. after 186/802)

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Hocazade (Muslihiddin Mustafa) (1434–88)

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Husayn, Taha (1889–1973)

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Husayni, Shah Tahir b. Radi al-Din (d. c. 956/1549)

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Hüdayi, ‘Aziz Mahmud (948–1038/1541–1628)

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I (46)

Ibn Abi Usaybi‘a, Muwaffaq al-Din (c. 590–668/c. 1194–1270)

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Ibn Abi’l-Khayr, Abu Sa‘id Fadlullah (967–1049)

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Ibn Al-Athir, Abu al-Fath (558–637/1163–1239)

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Ibn Al-Daya, Ahmad Ibn Yusuf (third/ninth century)

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Ibn Al-Farid, ‘Umar ibn ‘Ali Abu’l-Qasim al-Misri al-Sa‘di (576–632/1181–1235)

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Ibn Al-Haytham, Abu ‘Ali al-Hasan (354–430)/965–1039)

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Ibn Al-Jawzi, Abu al-Faraj ‘Abd al-Rahman (c.511–97/c.1116–1201)

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Ibn Al-Muqaffa‘ (d. 137/755 or 139/756)

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Ibn Al-Nafis, ‘Ali ibn Abi al-Haram (607–87/1210–88)

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Ibn Al-Qifti, Jamal al-Din (d. 646/1248)

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Ibn Al-Rawandi (d. c. 910)

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Ibn Al-‘Arabi, Muhyiddin (560–638/1165–1240)

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Ibn Al-‘Arif, Abu’l ‘Abbas Ahmad (481–536/1088–1141)

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Ibn Bajja, Abu Bakr al-Sa’igh (470–533/1077–1139)

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Ibn Barrajan, Abu’l-Hakam (sixth/twelfth century)

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Ibn Battuta, Abu ‘Abd Allah (d. 770/1368–9 or 779/1377)

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Ibn Faris, Abu’l-Husayn (308–395/920–1004)

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Ibn Furak, Abu’l Hasan (c. 330–406/c. 941–1015)

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Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad (164–241/780–855)

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Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad (384–456/994–1064)

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Ibn Juljul (332–after 384/944–after 994)

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Ibn Kammuna, Sa‘d ibn Mansur (d. 682/1284)

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Ibn Karram, Muhammad (c.190–255/806–68)

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Ibn Kemal (873–940/1468–1534)

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Ibn Khaldun (732–808/1332–1406)

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Zaid Ahmad

Ibn Khallikan, Ahmad ibn Muhammad (608–81/1211–82)

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Ibn Masarra, Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah (269–319/883–922)

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Ibn Maytham, ‘Ali (d. after 183/799)

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Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya (691–751/1292–1350)

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Ibn Qurra, Thabit (211–88/836–901)

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Ibn Rushd, Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad (520–95/1126–98)

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Ibn Sab‘in, Abu Muhammad ‘Abd al-Haqq b. Ibrahim (614–69/1217–70)

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Muammar İskenderoğlu

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Ikhwan Al-Safa’

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Jahm Ibn Safwan (d. 128/745)

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Junpuri Faruqi, Mulla Mahmud (1015–62/1603–52)

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Mir Damad (950–1041/1543–1631)

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Mir Fath Allah Shirazi (d. 998/1590)

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Mustafa Ali (948–1008/1541–1600)

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Mutahhari, Murtaza (1920–79)

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Mu‘Ammar Al-Sulami (d. 215/830)

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Neoplatonist Philosophy, Influence Of

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Nursi, Said (1294–1379/1877–1960)

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Rabi‘a Al-‘Adawiyya Al-Qaysiyya (95 or 99–185/714 or 717–801)

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Raghib Pasha, Mehmed (1111–76/1699–1763)

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Taşköprüzade (901–68/1495–1561)

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